Technology is revamping almost across all sectors. We’re living in a time where smart inventions are at a constant evolution. The demand for wireless networks and the need for data communication is growing exponentially with the emerging new advancements, such as IoT (Internet of Things), 5G, etc. The world is looking for a more convenient and faster way of communicating data beyond the radio-frequency spectrum. Light and the Internet are two great enablers of our times, and they can combine for an emerging technology called light fidelity (Li-Fi), the future of wireless communication.

Li-Fi is 100 times faster than Wi-Fi and independent of congested radio frequencies and inferences from electromagnetic waves. These light waves can transmit 10 times the speed of current-day data communication by illumination up to 10 to 20 Gbps. However, these light beams won’t pass through walls and don’t have long-range (5 to 10 mts) access, but with the aid of sensors, distances could be increased and overcome this obstacle.

Working Principle

Data is captured in modulated light frequencies of a solid-state LED light source and is then transmitted and received by Li-Fi-enabled devices. These devices consist of a photosensitive detector that demodulates the light frequency signal and converts it into an electronic data stream. Transmission speeds can go over 100 Gbps, 14 times faster than WiGig, currently the world’s fastest Wi-Fi. Simply and in brief, pulses of light, undetectable to the human eye, can transmit data to and from receivers. These receivers can both collect and interpret the transmitted data.

Li-Fi Applications

• Smart lighting: Li-Fi provides better infrastructure for illumination, control, and communication. Since communication between LEDs is possible, additional wirings are reduced; thus, power consumption is greatly reduced.
• Vehicles and transportation: They’re used to monitor real-time traffic. High-priority applications include warning, pre-crash sensing, emergency electronic brake lights, lane-change warning, and curve speed warning.
• Defense and security: The ability to send data quickly and in a secure way is the key to many applications. Visible light not being detected on the other side of a wall has great security advantages.
• Healthcare: To monitor the report of patients, track medicines, etc.

The Li-Fi Future

Li-Fi is becoming a disruptive technology that can unlock the potential of IoT through Industry 4.0 applications. The Li-Fi market is expected to reach $4.1B by 2026, at a CAGR of 69.7% over the next five years. This potentially makes Li-Fi a strong 3rd generation network after the wired and radio networks. The progressive replacement of 14 billion light points by LEDs worldwide opens the possibility of transforming lighting as a light-as-a-service (LaaS) domain.

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